Third and fourth degree hemorrhoids normally can't be cured by normal process and require a hemorrhoidectomy. This surgery is used to eliminate internal hemorrhoids and in few severe cases it could be used to remove external hemorrhoids that have not been cured with the normal medication that is prescribed.
When being operated, it is necessary to use anesthesia and depending on the time needed for of the operation, the patients' preference to the pills and the patients' health, there are three kinds of anesthesia that can be applied. The types of anesthesia are the following: general anesthesia, which leaves the patient completely unconscious, spinal anesthesia, which numbs from the waist down and local anesthesia that is injected directly into the part which is going to be operated on.
Not eating a minimum of 12 hours before the surgery prevents the risk of vomiting during the surgery and also in recovery; this is mostly suggested by the doctors and surgeons. It is even normal to undergo various tests before the operation will take place, these can incorporate blood tests and urine tests. In very sever cases if the patient is extremely poorly, other tests will take place like an x-ray and aspirin to dilute the blood.
The hemorrhoidectomy will last form anything from 1-1 1/2 hour if all of the previous tests have been passed accordingly. The operation is a simple on which the patient is placed face down on the table with his legs held in straps in order that the buttocks is facing up with both anus and rectum exposed. Once the anesthesia starts taking effect, the doctor will start to clamp and tie the hemorrhoid in order to avoid bleeding, and with a scalpel, eradicate the hemorrhoid.
Once the operation is over, the patient will be sent to observation until the anesthesia wears out of the system totally; the patients will then undergo another test to see if he can urinate, this is to ensure that there is no swelling in the tissues sometimes caused by the surgery. If everything is fine the patient will be sent home, but if any complication should arise, the patient will be kept under observation.
On many occasions, after effects may occur like blood in stools or bleeding when moving bowels. The surgeon usually provides the patient with pain medicine and numbing medications that are used when moving bowels; this is very common right after the operation is completed. It is even mostly recommended to take antibiotics prescribed by the doctor for the prevention of any infections that may happen.
The post operation patients must undergo a regular check up with their surgeon and even essential care at home. So that stools pass without necessary strain it is recommended to eat plenty fiber foods and take stool softener medicine. A long bath in warm water to aid relax the anal muscles even assists alleviate pain and itching that can be caused by the surgery.
Every operation has its risk factor and normal side effects. Some more common than others may come in view after having a hemorrhoidectomy. The very common problems can integrate hematoma, constipation, bleeding and difficulties to urinate. More uncommon problems can occur at a later time and can be dangerous; these integrate bleeding severely and hemorrhoid reappearance. It is necessary to visit a doctor immediately if any of these signs appear.
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